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The Policía Nacional Bolivariana (''Bolivarian National Police'', PNB) is Venezuela's national police force, created in 2009. Law enforcement in Venezuela has historically been highly fragmented and the creation of a national police force was originally not popular among the public and organizations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/146800.pdf )〕 The creation of a National Police was one of the recommendations of a 2006 National Commission on Police Reform (CONAREPOL). As per the CONAREPOL recommendations, the PNB works with local communal councils and is intended to respect human rights in a way Venezuelan police often have not.〔 At the time the force was set up, the wage rate for officers in the new force was three times higher than that in existing forces.〔''Venezuelanalysis.com'', 6 December 2009, (Venezuelan Government Triples Police Wages )〕 Initially active in parts of Caracas, the first six months of operations saw falls of around 60% in rates of murder and robbery in the areas the PNB was active.〔Venezuelanalysis.com, 23 July 2010, (New Police Force Reduces Crime )〕 As of July 2010, the PNB had around 2,400 officers, with a further 1,400 in training.〔 Now it has grown into an estimated 20,000 strong national police force. ==Background== In 2001, the Venezuelan National Assembly gave the government one year to create a national police force.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/146800.pdf )〕 President Hugo Chávez then attempted to create a centralized national police force, announcing to create one in August 2002.〔 However, the Venezuelan public, academics, NGOs and municipal governments rejected the idea with Alfredo Peña stating that the police would possibly be used to repress protesters, resulting with the Venezuelan government canceling the creation of a national police force.〔 In 2006 a National Commission on Police Reform (CONAREPOL, from the Spanish name) conducted studies aimed at reforming the police, in consultation with police and local communities.〔''Venezuelanalysis'', 3 April 2009, (Human Rights and Police Reform in Venezuela: A Venezuelan Perspective )〕 It found that
In general, the Commission found, "bureaucracy is weakly developed: three-quarters of state and municipal forces do not have a manual for procedures and two-thirds lack an organizational manual".〔Antillano, A. Gabaldn, L. G. and Antillano, A. (eds) (2007) "Caracteristicas de la polica venezolana." ''La polica venezolana: Desarrollo institucional y perspectivas de reforma al inicio del Tercer Milenio'' 1, pp. 64-158. Comision Nacional para la Reforma Policial, Caracas; cited in Birkbeck (2009)〕 In November 2008 a Commission for the Police System (Comsipol) was created to implement CONAREPOL's recommendations. These included the creation of a National Police, which was done in 2009. Other recommendations were that the police should be specifically trained in human rights, and have a greater emphasis on crime prevention.〔''Venezuelanalysis'', 30 March 2009, (Crime in Venezuela: Opposition Weapon or Serious Problem? )〕 The Experimental Security University was set up to provide such training with branches in various Venezuelan cities. On December 7, 2009, the Bolivarian National Police was officially raised with the full enactment of the Police Service Organic Law of 2009 and the Police Service Statues Law, published on the Official Gazette on the same day. These laws formally marked the founding of what is now South America's newest national police force, which took place formally on December 20 the same year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Policía Nacional Bolivariana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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